Biology I—Chapter 26 
Sponges and Cnidarians 
 

After reading pages 657-659, I can:                              (terms)
 

1. contrast heterotrophs and *autotrophs.
2. contrast multicellular and *unicellular organisms.
3. contrast eukaryotic and *prokaryotic cells.
4. name the outer layer of an animal cell and tell where cell walls are found (N.B.--Lack of a cell wall is the major characteristic of an animal cell.).
5. contrast invertebrates and vertebrates.
6. contrast the study of anatomy with the study of physiology.
7. contrast herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores.
8. name the primary waste product of cellular metabolism; name the element on which it is based.
9. contrast motile and sedentary (*sessile).
10. contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.

 After reading pages 660-665, I can:                          (terms)

1. give the name for a fertilized egg.
2. give the name of the hollow ball of cells that forms after repeated cell divisions of a fertilized egg.
3. name the three germ layers (layers of the gastrula) of an early embryo; tell what parts of the body form from each layer.
4. name the type of symmetry that results when an organism has a “center point” and everything seems to come from that center.
5. name the type of  symmetry that results when an organism can be split into a left and right side. 
6. contrast the anterior end and posterior end; contrast the dorsal surface and ventral surface.
7. give the characteristic of an organism that is said to exist when it has a “head” end.
8. *tell what is meant when an organism is said to have a coelom.
9. name the phylum that includes the sponges;  tell what the phylum name means.
10. explain what it meant when an organism is said to be asymmetrical.

 After reading pages 665-670, I can:                           (terms) 

1. describe a typical sponge.
2. tell what choanocytes do.
3. name the two materials that can form the skeleton of a sponge.
4. contrast a larval and adult stage of an organism.
5. contrast commensalism and mutualism.
6. name the spectrum of light that is the most damaging to living organisms.
7. name the phylum that includes the jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals.
8. list the characteristics of the Cnidarians.
9. name the poison-filled stinging structure that acts like a tightly coiled dart; describe its purpose.
10. name the type of symmetry seen in the Cnidarians.

After reading pages 670-675, I can:                              (terms)

1. contrast a polyp and a medusa.
2. relate the purpose of a gastrovascular cavity.
3. name the group of sensory cells that help determine the direction of gravity, thus giving the organism a sense of up and down.
4. name the group of sensory cells in Cnidarians that are capable of detecting the presence of light.
5.  give the common name for the organisms in the class Scyphozoa; tell where the class name comes from.
6. name the most common member of the class Hydrozoa.
7. name the two most common members of the class Anthozoa; tell where the class name comes from.
8. explain what is meant when an organism is said to be colonial.
9. name the chemical that makes the skeleton of the corals hard;  give a common name for this chemical.
10. tell what is meant by coral bleaching.