Biology I—Chapter 7

Cell Structure and Function

After reading pages 168-173, I can:                                    ( terms)

1. name the common structure that makes up every living thing.

2. name the English physicist that gave “cells” their name; tell why he called them cells.

3. name the Dutch (Holland) businessman first credited with using the microscope to examine living things.

4. describe the 1838 work of German botanist Matthias Schleiden.

5. describe the 1839 work of German scientist Theodore Schwann.

6. describe German physician Rudolf Virchow’s (1855) contribution to the concept of the cell.

7. give the three components of the cell theory (copy the three bulleted items on page 170).

8. name the thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells.

9. name the structure (singular and plural) found in many cells that contains the genetic material and controls the cell’s activities.

10. name the organelle found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

After reading pages 173-178, I can: ( terms)

1. name the group of organisms that are all known to be prokaryotes.

2. give the name for specialized structures (“little organs”) in the cell that perform cellular functions.

3. locate the cytoplasm of the cell.

4. name (and abbreviate) the chemical that codes all hereditary information found in the nucleus.

5. name the double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus.

6. name the granular material in the nucleus that is composed of DNA and protein; tell what this material “thickens” to become during cell division.

7. locate the nucleolus in a cell; name the important organelles made by the nucleolus.

8. tell what ribosomes do in the cell; tell where ribosomes get their coded instructions.

9. give the name (and abbreviation) for the network of membranes that crisscross the cytoplasm, hosts ribosomes, and assemble components of the cell membrane.

10. name the cell “packaging system” that attaches materials to proteins after they are made and sends them where they are supposed to go; name the Italian biologist who discovered them.

After reading pages 179-181, I can: ( terms)

1. name the material found in lysosomes.

2. give two functions of lysosomes.

3. describe a vacuole.

4. give the function of the central vacuole in plants; *give the function of vesicles.

5. tell what mitochondria do.

6. tell what chloroplasts do; name the green pigment found in chloroplasts; name the kingdom or organisms defined by the presence of chloroplasts.

7. name two organelles (in addition to the nucleus) that contain DNA.

8. name the part of a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell shape, structure, and (in a limited way) some ability to move by serving as a support structure for the cell.

9. name the two major components that make up the cytoskeleton of a cell.

10.describe cilia (cilium) and flagella (flagellum); tell what they do.

After reading pages 182-185, I can: ( terms)

1. name the thin flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; give an alternate name for this barrier.

2. name the second, stronger barrier that surrounds certain types of cells.

3. give two functions of the cell membrane.

4. tell what is meant when the cell membrane is described as a lipid bilayer.

5. *name the taxonomic groups of organisms that are known to have cell walls; name the one group of organisms that is known not to have cell walls.

6. name the material that makes up most of a plant cell wall; name two materials it is the principal component of.

7. explain the concept of the concentration of a solution.

8. give the term that describes the movement of molecules from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.

9. explain the concept of equilibrium in a solution.

10. tell what is meant when a membrane is said to be permeable or impermeable; give the phrase that describes how some membranes will let certain materials through and not let others through.

After reading pages 185-193, I can: ( terms)

1. give the term that describes the movement of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane.

2. contrast isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions.

3. name the process by which some molecules can “get through” the cell membrane whereas they normally would not be able to diffuse through it; name the type of molecule embedded in the cell membrane that allow this to occur.

4. name the process that allows some materials to move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; tell why the process is called by this name.

5. contrast endocytosis and exocytosis.

6. tell what happens during phagocytosis; contrast this with pinocytosis.

7. contrast unicellular and multicellular organisms; tell which is more dominant of the Earth.

8. explain what is meant by cell specialization in multicellular organisms; tell what is meant by a “division of labor” among the cells.

9. name the four levels of organization in a multicellular organism.

10. name the four main types of tissues found in animals.