Biology I—Chapter 11     Introduction to Genetics

After reading pages 263-265, I can:                                      (terms)

 

1.   give the name for the scientific study of heredity.

2.   name the Austrian monk credited with the first definitive work on understanding biological inheritance; name the organism he used in his experimental work.

3.    name the process that occurs when a male sperm cell (pollen in pants) combines with a female egg cell.

4.    tell what is meant when an organism is true-breeding.

5.    contrast self-pollination and cross-pollination.

6.    tell what a trait is.

7.    describe how Mendel designated his organisms as parental or offspring.

8.    give the term that describes the off-spring of crosses between parents with different traits.

9.    tell what genes are and what they do.

10.  describe how alleles relate to genes.

 

After reading pages 265-271, I can:                                     (terms)

 

1.   state the principle of dominance.

2.   explain the concept of segregation of alleles.

3.   give the name for sex cells.

4.   tell how capital and small letters are used to denote the dominance of alleles.

5.   give the mathematical principle that describes the likelihood a particular event will occur.

6.   describe how Punnett squares are used in genetics.

7.   give the term that describes an organism that carries two identical alleles for a trait.

8.   give the term that describes an organism that carries two different alleles for a trait.

9.   contrast a phenotype and a genotype.

10. name the genetic principle that describes how genes for one trait can operate independently from genes of another trait.

 

After reading pages 272-275, I can:                                      (terms)

 

1.   summarize Mendel’s principles (from the four bulleted items at the top of page 272).

2.   name the situation that occurs when one allele cannot completely dominate another and the phenotype of the offspring shows a blending of traits somewhere between the two parent phenotypes (as in pink flowers resulting from a combination of red and white).

3.   name the situation that occurs when both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype and the offspring showing traits of both parent phenotypes (as in speckled black and white chickens from a black-feathered parent and a white-feathered parent).

4.   give the term used to describe when more than two choices exist in the genetic code for a particular trait (as in the variety of rabbit fur colors and human blood types—more than two choices exist for these).

5.   give the name for traits that are controlled by two or more genes (as in human skin color).

6.   name the organism used by American geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan in showing that Mendel’s principles also apply to animals.

7.   tell where genes are located.

8.   tell what is meant when chromosomes are said to be homologous.

9.   give the term that describes a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes; show how this condition is represented with a symbol.

10. give the term that describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, show how this condition is represented with a symbol.

 

After reading pages 275-280, I can:                                      (terms)

 

1.      name the process that forms haploid (N) (sex) cells from diploid (2N) cells.

2.      tell how a tetrad is formed.

3.      describe what happens during crossing-over.

4.      name the haploid gamete produced by males; name the haploid gamete produced by females.

5.      describe the 1911 work of geneticist Alfred Sturdivant.